Based on tests I conduct, older drivers tend to develop the bad habits, but drive a lot on instinct, whereas the younger drivers rely on bravado and youth to get them out of trouble.
I was head of driver safety for a few years at a major energy supplier and we had 14,000 drivers.
We started assessing every driver from the CEO down, and we used the DSA driving test as the base standard given that was the standard that every driver had to attain in order to obtain their licence. (It was a low baseline, but a base that should have been attainable)
We had assessed about 6,000 by the time I left. A combination of older and younger drivers were assessed and the standard was pretty similar across the board.
Complacency was the biggest issue, along with a lack of knowledge when it comes to the Highway Code and traffic signs and of course the bar room lawyers and armchair racing drivers who thought they knew the law or could drive to an expert level, but actually just showed themselves up to be total idiots. You get this in every big organisation.
But what was interesting is that the crash rate did start to show significant reductions, especially in cases where it was the fault of our drivers. I guess the threat of losing a company vehicle also had a bearing, but a drop non the less was welcome.
So not exactly rocket science or a definitive poll, but a fairly broad idea f what might happen on a national basis if the same rules were applied and a retest was introduced which I have already said is not going to happen in our lifetime.
I think, these assessments demonstrate that the driving test standard is too low, and it's intention is misguided.
When people are learning new skills, (on average) they have a period of disbelief, 'I can never do this', then when they get it right, there is almost euphoria, 'I can do it!'
While the trainee is in the early stages some of the foundations can be put in place but when the, "I can do it!", stage is reached the real training can start.
At this point the foundation needs to be started again, and expanded on, because the mechanics of driving is trivial, what needs to be engraved in the mind is, a vehicle is just a machine, it cannot think, incorrectly used it can, and will kill you and/or those nearby, the only person who can prevent that happening is the driver.
Knowing the Highway Code, and the motoring laws is irrelevant (not breaking laws may save some money or your right to drive though) but understanding what the Highway Code means, and why the laws are there is the important part.
How many drivers understand what the stopping distances actually mean?
If someone steps into the path of a car inside the stopping distance they will be killed or injured or if the car in front is closer than the stopping distance, and it stops there will be a crash.
If this is understood it follows, as the driver it is my responasbuility to be aware of what is happening around me, including the footpaths, and I must adjust my speed and spacing accordingly, and if the car behind is put out by me slowing I must ignore the flashing lights, horns etc.
The instruction and test should include some work on a race track and skid pad, aimed at getting the feel of the zone between in control and out of control.
Not understanding these details should be a fail on the driving test, almost understanding will not do.
The current driving test doe's not touch many if any of these points.
I understand it would take more time and therefore more money to instruct new drivers to this standard, and many would never pass a test.
But if we don't, we are putting a price on life, 'we can't do anything about the casualty rate because it'll cost too much'.
And, in the present circumstances, is it reasonable to (in effect) charge a driver with murder when they kill?
As an aside, with the tests you were making there would be the effect noticed by Taylor and the Gilbreath's (they developed Time and Motion study in the work place).
When they studied a group, they found just the act of studying improved the performance of that group, without making any changes.
They argued, this was because someone was showing an interest in them (the group), their performance improved.